Cuba: EEUU anuncia reducción de sanciones relacionadas a exportaciones y viajes aéreos hacia la isla
Estados Unidos dijo el martes que aliviará algunas de las restricciones a su régimen de sanciones para Cuba que impactan en las exportaciones y los viajes aéreos autorizados.
Estas enmiendas eliminarán las restricciones a las condiciones de pago y de financiamiento de las exportaciones y reexportaciones autorizadas a Cuba de ítems distintos a los agrícolas o materias primas, según un comunicado de los Departamentos del Tesoro y de Comercio.”
Los cambios deberán facilitar los viajes a la isla, al permitir acuerdos sobre espacios reservados, código compartido y de arrendamiento con las líneas aéreas cubanas, agregó.
En un comunicado, el secretario del Tesoro Jacob Lew dijo que estas nuevas medidas “envían un mensaje claro al mundo: los Estados Unidos se han comprometido a capacitar y permitir avances económicos para el pueblo cubano.”
Comunicado del Departamento de Comercio de EEUU anuncia nuevas enmiendas al Reglamento de Sanciones Cuba
Commerce and Treasury Announce Further Amendments to the Cuba Sanctions Regulations
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tuesday, January 26, 2016
Office of Public Affairs
Today, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) are announcing new amendments to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (CACR) and Export Administration Regulations (EAR), respectively. These amendments further implement the new direction toward Cuba that President Obama laid out in December 2014. The changes will take effect on January 27, 2016, when the regulations are published in the Federal Register. The new amendments are outlined below.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew said, “Today’s amendments to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations build on successive actions over the last year and send a clear message to the world: the United States is committed to empowering and enabling economic advancements for the Cuban people. We have been working to enable the free flow of information between Cubans and Americans and will continue to take the steps necessary to help the Cuban people achieve the political and economic freedom that they deserve.”
U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said, “Following the first ever U.S.-Cuba Regulatory Dialogue and my fact-finding trip to Cuba in October, we have been working tirelessly to maximize the beneficial impact of U.S. regulatory changes on the Cuban people. Today’s Commerce rule builds on previous changes by authorizing additional exports including for such purposes as disaster preparedness; education; agricultural production; artistic endeavors; food processing; and public transportation. These regulatory changes will also facilitate exports that will help strengthen civil society in Cuba and enhance communications to, from and among the Cuban people. Looking ahead, we will continue to support greater economic independence and increased prosperity for the Cuban people, as we take another step toward building a more open and mutually beneficial relationship between our two nations.”
These amendments will remove existing restrictions on payment and financing terms for authorized exports and reexports to Cuba of items other than agricultural items or commodities, and establish a case-by-case licensing policy for exports and reexports of items to meet the needs of the Cuban people, including those made to Cuban state-owned enterprises. These amendments will further facilitate travel to Cuba for authorized purposes by allowing blocked space, code-sharing, and leasing arrangements with Cuban airlines; authorizing additional travel-related and other transactions directly incident to the temporary sojourn of aircraft and vessels; and authorizing additional transactions related to professional meetings and other events, disaster preparedness and response projects, and information and informational materials, including transactions incident to professional media or artistic productions in Cuba.
To see the Treasury regulations, which can be found at 31 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part 515, please see here.
To see the Commerce regulations, which can be found at 15 CFR part 746, please see here. Effective January 27, major elements of the changes in the revised regulations include:
Financing
Removing financing restrictions for most types of authorized exports.
- Restrictions on payment and financing terms for authorized exports and reexports, except for agricultural commodities and agricultural items, will be removed, and U.S. depository institutions will be authorized to provide financing, including, for example, issuing a letter of credit for such exports and reexports. Currently, payment and financing terms for all authorized exports are restricted to cash-in-advance or third-country financing. Effective January 27, 2016, examples of permissible payment and financing terms for authorized non-agricultural exports and reexports will include: payment of cash in advance; sales on an open account; and financing by third-country financial institutions or U.S. financial institutions. OFAC is required by statute to maintain the existing limitations on payment and financing terms for the export and reexport of agricultural commodities and agricultural items.
Exports
Additional amendments to increase support for the Cuban people and facilitate authorized exports.
- Certain Additional Transactions Authorized. OFAC is expanding an existing general license to authorize certain additional travel-related transactionsas are directly incident to the conduct of market research; commercial marketing; sales or contract negotiation; accompanied delivery; installation; leasing; or servicing in Cuba of items consistent with the export or reexport licensing policy of the Department of Commerce, provided that the traveler’s schedule of activities does not include free time or recreation in excess of that consistent with a full-time schedule.
- Civil society. BIS will generally approve license applications for exports and reexports of commodities and software to human rights organizations or to individuals and non-governmental organizations that promote independent activity intended to strengthen civil society in Cuba.
- News gathering. BIS will generally approve license applications for exports and reexports of commodities and software to U.S. news bureaus in Cuba whose primary purpose is the gathering and dissemination of news to the general public.
- Telecommunications. BIS will generally approve license applications for exports and reexports of telecommunications items that would improve communications to, from, and among the Cuban people.
- Agriculture. BIS will generally approve license applications for exports and reexports of certain agricultural items (such as agricultural commodities not eligible for a license exception; insecticides; pesticides; and herbicides).
- Civil aviation safety. BIS will generally approve license applications for exports and reexports of items necessary to ensure the safety of civil aviation and the safe operation of commercial aircraft engaged in international air transportation, including the export or reexport of such aircraft leased to state-owned enterprises.
- Meeting the needs of the Cuban people. BIS is creating a case-by-case licensing policy that will apply to exports and reexports of items to meet the needs of the Cuban people, including exports and reexports for such purposes made to state-owned enterprises and agencies and organizations of the Cuban government that provide goods and services to the Cuban people.
- Examples of exports and reexports eligible for this licensing policy are items for: agricultural production; artistic endeavors (including the creation of public content, historic and cultural works and preservation); education; food processing; disaster preparedness, relief and response; public health and sanitation; residential construction and renovation; public transportation; and the construction of infrastructure that directly benefits the Cuban people (e.g., facilities for treating public water supplies and supplying energy to the general public).
- A general policy of denial will still apply to exports and reexports of items for use by state-owned enterprises, agencies, or other organizations of the Cuban government that primarily generate revenue for the state, including those in the tourism industry and those engaged in the extraction or production of minerals or other raw materials. Additionally, applications to export or reexport items destined to the Cuban military, police, intelligence and security services remain subject to a general policy of denial.
Air Carrier Services
Additional amendment to facilitate carrier service by air and with Cuban airlines.
- The entry into blocked space, code-sharing, and leasing arrangements to facilitate the provision of carrier services by air, including the entry into such arrangements with a national of Cuba, will be authorized.
Travel
Expanding authorizations within existing travel categories to facilitate travel to Cuba for additional purposes.
- Temporary Sojourn. Certain personnel who are operating or servicing vessels or aircraft will be authorized to engage in travel-related and other transactions in Cuba to facilitate the temporary sojourn of aircraft and vessels as authorized by the Department of Commerce in connection with the transportation of authorized travelers between the United States and Cuba.
- Information and informational materials. OFAC will authorize travel-related and other transactions directly incident to professional media or artistic productions of information or informational materials for exportation, importation, or transmission, including the filming or production of media programs (such as movies and television programs); music recordings; and the creation of artworks in Cuba by persons that are regularly employed in or have demonstrated professional experience in a field relevant to such professional media or artistic productions. OFAC will also be expanding an existing general license to authorize transactions relating to the creation, dissemination, or artistic or other substantive alteration or enhancement of informational materials, including employment of Cuban nationals and the remittance of royalties or other payments.
- Professional meetings. OFAC will authorize by general license travel-related and other transactions to organize professional meetings or conferences in Cuba. The existing general license authorizes only attendance at such meetings or conferences.
- Public performances, clinics, workshops, athletic, and other competitions and exhibitions. Similar to the change to the professional meetings category, OFAC will authorize by general license travel-related and other transactions to organize amateur and semi-professional international sports federation competitions and public performances, clinics, workshops, other athletic or non-athletic competitions, and exhibitions in Cuba. OFAC also will remove requirements that that U.S. profits from certain events must be donated to certain organizations and that certain events be run at least in part by U.S. travelers.
- Humanitarian projects. OFAC will expand the list of authorized humanitarian projects to include disaster preparedness and response.
Nuevas medidas de EE.UU. hacia Cuba: positivas, pero insuficientes
Las medidas anunciadas ayer por los departamentos de Comercio y Tesoro estadounidenses son positivas, pero insuficientes, y demuestran que el presidente Barack Obama tiene facultades para eliminar elementos sustanciales del bloqueo económico contra Cuba, estiman expertos.
Las regulaciones fueron publicadas de forma conjunta por la Oficina de Control de Activos Extranjeros (OFAC) del Departamento del Tesoro, entidad encargada de hacer cumplir las sanciones a la nación caribeña, y el Buró de Industria y Seguridad del Departamento de Comercio, que supervisa los controles a las exportaciones.
Los cambios, que entran en vigor este miércoles, tienen el fin expreso de «facilitar las exportaciones y flexibilizar los viajes a Cuba», aunque mantienen intacto el cuerpo principal del régimen de medidas punitivas.
El paquete autoriza la concesión de créditos a Cuba para pagar ciertas exportaciones autorizadas desde Estados Unidos, lo cual es algo nuevo e importante, a la vez que reconoce, al menos a medias, el papel de las empresas estatales como entes imprescindibles para realizar los intercambios.
Sin embargo, en esta sección el Gobierno estadounidense impone condiciones, al enunciar una política de denegación de productos que generen ingresos para el Estado, incluido el turismo, la extracción y producción de minerales o que puedan ser útiles para las fuerzas armadas, la policía y los órganos de seguridad del Estado.
Aunque las nuevas regulaciones marchan en la dirección correcta, mantienen la prohibición a la isla caribeña de utilizar el dólar en las transacciones internacionales, lo que afecta incluso la concesión de préstamos a entidades cubanas para adquirir productos en el país norteño, pues para pagarlos sería necesario utilizar bancos en terceros países,con otra moneda, con las consiguientes erogaciones adicionales.
Recientes y elevadas multas del Gobierno estadounidense contra bancos de otras naciones hacen que las instituciones financieras rechacen hacer negocios con Cuba, pues temen posibles castigos, incluso cuando el Departamento del Tesoro los autoriza.
Otro aspecto significativo es que las nuevas provisiones no mencionan la posibilidad de un verdadero comercio bilateral: a la nación caribeña le sigue vedado vender productos a su vecino.
Por otra parte, las medidas amplían las posibilidades para que viajen a Cuba quienes operan o brindan servicios en embarcaciones y aeronaves, y otras acciones que facilitan la estancia temporal de esos medios autorizados por el Departamento de Comercio.
Estos acápites están en consonancia con los recientes acuerdos preliminares firmados entre ambas partes para la reanudación de los vuelos comerciales, los que requerirán un complejo entramado de transacciones.
Como elemento novedoso, se amplían las licencias de viajes para la elaboración de materiales informativos, incluida la grabación o producción de películas, espectáculos musicales y programas de televisión, entre otros.
Las ordenanzas también expanden las posibilidades de organizar en la isla reuniones y conferencias, algo que hasta la fecha estaba prohibido.
Este paquete de disposiciones evidencia, además, uno de los objetivos fundamentales de la nueva política del Gobierno de Estados Unidos hacia Cuba: lograr por métodos más sofisticados un cambio en el sistema cubano, algo que no pudieron hacer durante más de 50 años mediante una estrategia que el propio Obama reconoció como fracasada.
En ese sentido, las provisiones del Gobierno estadounidense autorizan la exportación de bienes y programas informáticos y educativos para organizaciones «no gubernamentales» afines a los intereses de Washington.
En fin, que una primera lectura de las medidas anunciadas por los departamentos de Comercio y Tesoro muestra que estas son positivas a pesar de que dejan intactos importantes obstáculos para el desarrollo de las relaciones entre ambos países, coinciden especialistas en el tema.
No obstante, sirven de acicate para quienes esperan que el jefe de la Casa Blanca utilice sus amplias atribuciones ejecutivas y levante, en los meses que le quedan en su cargo, una buena parte de las restricciones que impiden mejorar los nexos bilaterales, pues desactivar el cuerpo total del bloqueo solo puede hacerlo el Congreso.
Cuba y Estados Unidos restablecieron relaciones diplomáticas el 20 de julio de 2015 y sus respectivas Secciones de Intereses se convirtieron en embajadas, hecho que marcó el inicio de un largo proceso hacia la normalización de los vínculos entre las dos naciones.
